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Uneven economic development is a persistent problem that economists continue to grapple with. The current worsening of domestic and global inequalities is worsened by increased economic growth which does not appear to be distributed proportionately among regions, sectors or social groups. The United Nations 2025 World Social Report highlights shocking levels of inequality that threaten social cohesion, signalling the need for equity and solidarity to support sustainable development (United Nations University, 2025). Uneven economic development remains one of the significant challenges of our time. Increasing inequality, debt crisis, climate vulnerability and geopolitical shifts all underscore the necessity of rethinking conventional economic theories.